Preparation and characterization of metformin surface modified cellulose nanofiber gel and evaluation of its anti-metastatic potentials

Metastasis is the main problem in successful treatment of many types of cancer such as melanoma. The extracellular matrix degradation has a crucial role in the cancer metastasis. Nanofibers can mimic the structure of extracellular matrix and limit the cancer cells migration if they are implanted in and around the tumors. Moreover, local delivery of anti-metastatic drugs such as metformin to tumor can be useful. In this study, Metformin surface modified cellulose nanofibers (Met-Cel-NFs) were successfully prepared by attachment of metformin on the surface of cellulose nanofibers through electrostatic interaction. FTIR spectroscopy and zeta potential of Met-Cel-NFs proved the occurrence of this attachment. SEM images showed the nanofibrous structure of Met-Cel-NFs. Met-Cel-NFs significantly suppressed the migration of melanoma cells. Additionally the sufficient adhesion of the melanoma cells on the Met-Cel-NFs can decrease melanoma cells invasion. Therefore, Met-Cel-NFs present a promising approach to the prevention of melanoma metastasis.