Structures and biological activities of azaphilones produced by Penicillium sp. KCB11A109 from a ginseng field

Twelve azaphilones, including five previously unknown compounds, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. derived from a ginseng field. Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical derivatizations. They were evaluated for cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antimalarial activities, and phenotypic effects in zebrafish development.64