Honeycomb structured porous films prepared from arborescent graft polystyrenes via the breath figures method

- Highly ordered honeycomb films were produced from arborescent graft polystyrene (AGPS) solutions using breath figures (BF).
- AGPS with shorter side chains yielded multiple layers of small pores via the BF method. However, longer side chains led to BF films with monolayer pore structures.
- Higher polymer concentration (ϕ) led to a multilayer pore structure while lower ϕ resulted in a monolayer pore structure.
- The regularity of the top layer pores was found to decrease with increasing generation number.

Highly ordered honeycomb films were produced from arborescent graft polystyrene (AGPS) solutions using breath figures (BF). The structure of the BF pattern (whether single layered or multilayered) of pores depended on several factors such as the type of solvent used (CS2 or CHCl3), the length of the side chains, the generation number and the concentration of the polymer. When solutions of AGPS with shorter side chains (Mw ∼ 5000 g/mol) were used for the BF process, arborescent polymers generated a multilayer pore structure. However, when polymers with longer side chains (Mw ∼ 30,000 g/mol) were used, monolayer pore structures were mostly generated. The regularity and surface quality of the honeycomb pattern became worsened as the multilayered structures formed. The polymer concentration (ϕ) also played a critical role in determining the morphology of the BF films. Higher ϕ led to a multilayer pore structure while lower ϕ resulted in a monolayer pore structure. In general, the regularity of top layer pores was found to decrease with increasing generation number. The introduction of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into AGPS solutions and application of the BF process using the solution blends yielded patterned hybrid films. SEM images showed that some CNTs were loaded into the honeycomb pattern of AGPS, but that most MWCNTs precipitated to form the bottom layer. In this work, the influence of concentration and surface modification of MWCNTs on the BF patterns obtained is discussed.

The structure of a BF pattern (whether single layered or multilayered) of pores depends on the lengths of side chains.188