Superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with controllable structure and tunable wettability prepared by one-step electrospinning

Novel superhydrophobic electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with controllable structure and tunable wettability have been achieved through incorporating ZnO nanoparticles and ammonia treatment for PVDF and/or post-chemical treatment on polymer membranes.292