Origin of toughness in β-polypropylene: The effect of molecular mobility in the amorphous phase

- Chain dynamics of α- and β-crystalline i-PPs probed by ss-NMR.
- Transformation between the free and constrained amorphous phase was monitored.
- Lower thermodynamic stability of rigid amorphous phase found in β-crystalline i-PPs.
- Restrictions in dynamics of α-polypropylene systems revealed by T1ρ(1H) relaxation.

This study aims to explore the origin of toughness in β-phase isotactic polypropylene (i-PP). Samples of commercial-grade i-PP, both neat and nucleated with a specific β-nucleating agent (N,N′-dicyclohexylnaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxamide), were subjected to a combination of structure-sensitive methods and fracture mechanical testing. In addition to common structural characterisation methods, solid-state NMR data were collected to obtain information about the dynamics of the polymer segments as well as the structure. In particular, temperate-induced transformation between the free and constrained amorphous phase was monitored by variable-temperature 13C MAS NMR, whereas T1ρ(1H) relaxation was used to estimate correlations times of segmental motions. Lower thermodynamic stability of rigid amorphous fraction was found in the β-crystalline systems. In contrast helical chains in crystalline and constrained amorphous phase were found to be more restrained in the α-crystalline system. Overall, the results indicate larger restrictions in chain mobility in the amorphous phase of the α-polymorphic PP system than in that of the β-crystalline ones.