Solvent-free copolymerization of rigid and flexible bis-1,3-benzoxazines: Facile tunability of polybenzoxazine network properties

We report the copolymerization of a flexible aliphatic-bridged bisphenol-based benzoxazine monomer comprising ten methylene units (BZ(10)BA) with two rigid benzoxazine monomers (commercially available Araldite 35600 and 35900) via a solvent-free cationic ring-opening polymerization process. The effects of monomer feed composition on polymerization behavior, thermomechanical transitions, and thermal degradation properties are reported. DSC of the ring-opening copolymerizations showed that the copolymerization behavior - in terms of polymerization onset temperature and total exothermic transition - depend greatly on the composition of the monomer feed. Samples containing larger concentrations of BZ(10)BA exhibited higher onset temperatures with lower polymerization enthalpies. The thermomechanical properties of the copolybenzoxazine networks, as evaluated by DMA, show a strong dependence on the monomer feed ratio, where higher Araldite content resulted in a higher Tg of the network. The most salient feature of benzoxazine copolymerization was revealed in the tailorability in thermomechanical properties, which were varied by 149 °C simply by changing the monomer feed ratio and the Tg was observed to be accurately predicted using the Fox equation.