Electrophilic and nucleophilic side chain fluorination of para-substituted acetophenones

para-Substituted α-fluoroacetophenones have been synthesised by three different routes. Electrophilic fluorination of trimethylsilyl enol ethers of acetophenones using Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF4, 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis-(tetrafluoroborate)) gave high to moderate yield depending on the electronic properties of the substituents. F-TEDA-BF4 mediated fluorination of acetophenones in methanol resulted in a mixture of α-fluoroacetophenones and the corresponding 2-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl acetals. The dimethyl acetals were hydrolysed using trifluoroacetic acid in water to maximise the yield of the product. Nucleophilic fluorination of α-bromoacetophenones using tetrabutylammonium hydrogen bifluoride (TBABF) led to moderate yield when having electron-donating substituents, whereas low yields were experienced when more electron-withdrawing substituents were introduced.