Synthesis of tetra-oligothiophene-substituted calix[4]arenes and their optical and electrochemical properties

In addition to peak/band broadening, spectral shifting, and fluorescence quantum yield quenching, the close proximity of the tetra-oligothiophenes constructed within a calix[4]arene assembly lowers the first ionization potential, stabilizes the formation of resulting radical cation, and results in the occurrence of higher oxidation states.