The informed sampler: A discriminative approach to Bayesian inference in generative computer vision models

• The informed sampler – a general inference technique for Bayesian posterior inference in generative models.
• This method leverages discriminative computer vision models for faster probabilistic inference in generative models.
• Three different applications that highlight common challenges of posterior inference.
• Detailed comparisons and analysis with respect to different baseline sampling based methods.
• Informed sampling is found to converge faster than all baseline samplers across diverse problems.

Computer vision is hard because of a large variability in lighting, shape, and texture; in addition the image signal is non-additive due to occlusion. Generative models promised to account for this variability by accurately modelling the image formation process as a function of latent variables with prior beliefs. Bayesian posterior inference could then, in principle, explain the observation. While intuitively appealing, generative models for computer vision have largely failed to deliver on that promise due to the difficulty of posterior inference. As a result the community has favoured efficient discriminative approaches. We still believe in the usefulness of generative models in computer vision, but argue that we need to leverage existing discriminative or even heuristic computer vision methods. We implement this idea in a principled way with an informed sampler and in careful experiments demonstrate it on challenging generative models which contain renderer programs as their components. We concentrate on the problem of inverting an existing graphics rendering engine, an approach that can be understood as “Inverse Graphics”. The informed sampler, using simple discriminative proposals based on existing computer vision technology, achieves significant improvements of inference.