Preparation of esters and amides from carboxylic acids and N-formylation of amines promoted by 1,3,5-triazo-2,4,6-triphosphorine-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexachloride (TAPC)

A new method is described for the preparation of esters and amides promoted by TAPC from carboxylic acids using a solvent-free grinding technique. The solvent-free N-formylation of amines is also reported.