Low-order harmonic generation in nanosecond laser ablation plasmas of carbon containing materials

► Low-order harmonics generated in carbon containing materials plasmas. ► Temporal behaviour of harmonics under different atmospheres provides information about the plasma components. ► C2 and C3 molecules are responsible for generation of harmonics at short times. ► Clusters and nanoparticles are responsible for generation of harmonics at long times. ► PLD deposits revealed presence of aggregates in graphite plasma under buffer gas atmosphere.