Preparation of surface-functionalized porous clay heterostructures via carbonization of soft-template and their adsorption performance for toluene

- A new type of SF-PCH was synthesized via the carbonization of organic template with the aid of H2SO4.
- The layered and porous structure of SF-PCH was retained under the mild conditions.
- The carbon materials in pores were functionalized with various organic groups.
- The SF-PCH exhibited an excellent adsorption affinity to toluene in the low-pressure region.