Valence one-electron and shake-up ionization bands of fluorene, carbazole and dibenzofuran

- The photoelectron spectra of the title compounds are assigned in details.
- Shake-up lines are found to severely contaminate both π- and σ-ionization bands.
- σ-ionization onsets are subject to severe vibronic coupling complications.
- We compare the results of OVGF, ADC(3) and TDDFT calculations.