Robust dual watermarking algorithm for AVS video

In this paper, we propose a robust dual watermarking algorithm for video based on the audio video coding standard (AVS). One watermark is embedded in luminance components, whose embedding positions are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique, resisting common signal processing operations such as median filtering, adding noises, cropping and so on. To combat geometric and re-encoding attacks, the other watermark is embedded in chrominance components by adjusting the energy relationship between Cb and Cr components based on the just noticeable distortion (JND) concept of the human vision system (HVS). Both of them are implemented in the compressed domain by modifying the quantized coefficients, combined together to satisfy the requirements of robustness and imperceptibility. Only entropy decoding is required to detect the watermark, and thus the watermark detection process has low computational complexity. Extensive experimental results show that the high robustness and good quality of watermarked AVS video can be achieved simultaneously.