Biodegradable ceramic-polymer composites for biomedical applications: A review

- Ceramic fillers are widely used reinforcement in bioresorbable polymer matrices.
- Properties of the polymer-ceramic composites can be controlled over a wide range.
- Content and size of ceramic fillers affect physicochemical characteristics of composites.
- Chemical and phase composition of ceramic fillers influence biological response.

The present work focuses on the state-of-the-art of biodegradable ceramic-polymer composites with particular emphasis on influence of various types of ceramic fillers on properties of the composites. First, the general needs to create composite materials for medical applications are briefly introduced. Second, various types of polymeric materials used as matrices of ceramic-containing composites and their properties are reviewed. Third, silica nanocomposites and their material as well as biological characteristics are presented. Fourth, different types of glass fillers including silicate, borate and phosphate glasses and their effect on a number of properties of the composites are described. Fifth, wollastonite as a composite modifier and its effect on composite characteristics are discussed. Sixth, composites containing calcium phosphate ceramics, namely hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic calcium phosphate are presented. Finally, general possibilities for control of properties of composite materials are highlighted.