Reconciling in vivo and in vitro kinetics of the polymorphic transformation in zirconia-toughened alumina for hip joints: II. Theory

An updated analytical model for the influences of the initial fraction of monoclinic polymorph and the presence of different types of transition metal stains (e.g., Ti, CoCr, and Fe) on the tetragonal to monoclinic (t → m) polymorphic transformation in ZTA composites for hip joints is proposed and discussed.74