Formation mechanisms of Si3N4 microstructures during silicon powder nitridation

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) was synthesized under a nitrogen gas flow (100 mL/min) using a molten salt nitriding method to investigate the effects of the temperature and NaCl content on the α-Si3N4 content in products and their micro-morphologies. Adding NaCl and β-Si3N4 in silicon powders resulted in Si nitridation products divided into two layers. Analysis of the lower product using X-ray diffraction revealed a change in the α-Si3N4 content with changes in the temperature and NaCl content. Analysis of the lower and upper layers using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the upper layer contained Si3N4 nanowires, Si3N4 nanobelts, and clastic oxide impurities; the lower one contained short needle-like and blocky Si3N4. From the microstructures of the products, the product morphology related to that the dry mixing procedure did not correspond to homogenization of the starting Si-Si3N4-NaCl mixtures and the different concentrations of raw materials resulted in different morphologies.