Distinct effects of Ce doping in A or B sites on the electrocaloric effect of BaTiO3 ceramics

This paper demonstrated the electrocaloric effect (ECE) in BaTiO3 ceramics with Ce doping in either A or B sites, which were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. All sintered samples have pure perovsikte phase, whether Ce doping in A or B sites, but the properties are different from each other. For A-site doping of Ba1-xCexTiO3, the Curie temperature gradually shifts to lower temperature because the doped Ce ion have smaller radius than Ba ion, while the phase transition is diffused and the latent heat drops. Then the ECE ΔT peak shifts accordingly and ΔTmax reduces gradually except small Ce doping. For B-site doping of BaCexTi1-xO3, the phase transition is diffused more significantly but the Curie temperature hardly moves, so that the ECE peak is depressed but does not shift.