Hafnium-implanted WE43 magnesium alloy for enhanced corrosion protection and biocompatibility

Hafnium (Hf) ion implantation is conducted to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of WE43 magnesium alloy. The surface composition, corrosion behavior, as well as in vitro cell adhesion and cytotoxicity are evaluated. The implanted layer consists of mainly Hf and Mg oxide and Hf ion implantation retards the deterioration of the WE43 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluids. The Hf-implanted WE43 magnesium alloy also shows good cell attachment and negligible cytotoxicity.