Facilities introduction planning of a microgrid with CO2 heat pump heating for cold regions

Fulfilling heating requirements in cold regions using fossil fuels can create problems in terms of excessive greenhouse gas emissions, making the replacement of conventional heating systems with electric heat pumps powered by renewable energy sources a desirable goal. To help address this issue, this paper examines the introduction of independent microgrids consisting of natural gas combined cycle and large-scale photovoltaic (L-PV) generating sources accompanied by electric heat pump capacity. These results help to clarify the optimal output rate of L-PV to the overall output of such a microgrid. Furthermore, this paper examine a dynamic-characteristics model of a CO2 split cycle heat pump in terms of the error of the supply-and-demand balance. This paper show that introduction of the proposed microgrid can significantly reduce the environmental and economic impact. This study clarified the environmental capability and economical efficiency of the microgrid for cold regions under management of electric power quality. When an electric power unit price and CO2 emissions of the proposal microgrid are referred to the domestic price based on official announcements of the Japanese government, the amount of CO2 reduction and electric power unit price of the proposal system can expect 48% and 30% reduction in Sapporo, respectively.