Variations of energy intensities and potential for improvements in energy utilisation on conventional and organic Norwegian dairy farms

The high variation of energy intensity on all inputs from 1.6 to 3.3 (MJ MJ−1) (corresponding to the energy use of 4.5-9.3 MJ kg−1 milk) found on the 20 farms shows a potential for producing milk and meat with lower energy intensity on many farms. Based on the results, separate recommendations were provided for conventional and organic farms for reducing energy intensity.