Evidence for collective phenomena in pp collisions

Measurements of two- and multi-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at s=5, 7, and 13 TeV are presented. The data, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0 pb−1 (5 TeV), 6.2 pb−1 (7 TeV), and 0.7 pb−1 (13 TeV), were collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The second-order (v2) and third-order (v3) azimuthal anisotropy harmonics of unidentified charged particles, as well as v2 of KS0 and Λ/Λ‾ particles, are extracted from long-range two-particle correlations as functions of particle multiplicity and transverse momentum. For high-multiplicity pp events, a mass ordering is observed for the v2 values of charged hadrons (mostly pions), KS0, and Λ/Λ‾ at pT≲2 GeV/c. The v2 signals are also extracted from four- and six-particle correlations for 13 TeV pp collisions, with comparable magnitude to those from two-particle correlations. These observations strongly support the interpretation of a collective origin for the observed long-range correlations in high-multiplicity pp collisions.