Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

- Serum levels of resistin are associated with the pathogenesis of AS.
- In specific subgroups, leptin and adiponectin may be related to AS.
- Measuring type is one of sources of heterogeneity for the studies about resistin.

ObjectivesVarious studies have researched the serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the results were inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the correlations between serum levels of these adipokines and AS.MethodsElectronic databases were retrieved to search relevant publications. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by the random-effect model. Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic were used to test heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were applied to assess possible sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of sixteen articles were included. Meta-analysis results indicated no statistical differences between AS patients and normal controls in serum leptin and adiponectin levels (leptin, SMD = 0.829, 95% CI = − 0.116 to 1.774, p = 0.085; adiponectin, SMD = 0.460, 95% CI = − 0.004 to 0.924, p = 0.052). However, AS patients had higher serum resistin levels than controls (SMD = 1.413, 95% CI = 0.294 to 2.531, p = 0.013). Subgroup analyses suggested that Asian and African AS patients as well as patients aged < 40 years had higher serum leptin and resistin levels when compared to controls. Serum adiponectin levels were higher in AS patients compared to controls in subgroup of age ≥ 40, and serum resistin levels in subgroup of BMI ≥ 25. Measurement method was a source of heterogeneity for resistin. Publication bias was not observed and the robustness of study results was confirmed by sensitivity analysis.ConclusionSerum resistin, but not leptin or adiponectin levels may be closely associated with the development of AS.