Le patient coronarien en chirurgie non cardiaque : choix du monitorage et stratégie d'optimisation hémodynamique standardisée (dont seuils transfusionnels)

Patient with coronary artery disease in noncardiac surgery is a population at risk for perioperative myocardial ischaemia. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and infarction during the perioperative period makes it possible to determine the various parameters to be monitored during a general anaesthesia. The main objective is to avoid myocardial ischaemia, which is the bed of myocardial infarction. Mean arterial pressure monitoring (MAP) is essential with a MAP greater than 65 mmHg and/or a MAP greater than 80 % of the reference value. Ideally, its continuous measurement is desirable but it depends on the anaesthetic risk, especially since it implies the realization of an invasive gesture motivating the development of new noninvasive monitoring monitors. The same is true for the monitoring of cardiac output, the target of which must be personalized and adapted to each patient by titrating the filling by measuring the volume of systolic ejection associated with a regular re-evaluation. It will be in this review exposed diverse types of monitors more or less invasive. In addition, the establishment of transfusion thresholds is a dynamic and complex process, a target haemoglobin between 8 and 10 g/dL is to be adapted according to the haemorrhagic risk, the severity of the coronary artery disease, the evolution of the bleeding and the other haemodynamic parameters. Heart rate, temperature and SpO2 are also an integral part of haemodynamic optimization in the coronary patient. The strategy of standardized haemodynamic optimization in the coronary patient is part of a multimodal process, which involves the development of new monitors less and less invasive.