Association of PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 Gene Expression and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Alterations in PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression in lung tumoral tissue seem not to be related to age, sex, smoking status, histological type, pathological stage, or tumor differentiation degree. However, PD-1 and PD-L1 overexpression might predict worse survival in patients with stage I NSCLC and in well differentiated tumors.