Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with childhood bone fractures in offspring - A birth-cohort study of 6718 children

Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.06-3.02, p = 0.022) increased risk of in-hospital-treated fractures at pre-school age. The fracture risk in childhood is perhaps increased as a result of modified bone development of the fetus due to maternal smoking.