The Evolving Role of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in the Treatment of Urolithiasis

In this collaborative review, we have summarised the best evidence in literature with respect to current management of renal stones by means of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) with flexible ureteroscopy. RIRS has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment modality in a wide spectrum of clinical scenarios; technology and technique are continuously evolving to further push boundaries of its indications and efficacy.