Alteration in antioxidant genes expression in some fish caught from Jeddah and Yanbu coast as a bio-indicator of oil hydrocarbons pollution

The mRNA expression profile of some antioxidant genes in skin, gills, livers, and muscles of Siganus canaliculatus and Epinephelus morio was used as an indicator of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in six areas at Jeddah and Yanbu coasts in KSA. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined in both sea water and sediments collected from the studied areas. The mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined. The highest level of total petroleum hydrocarbons was observed in front of the petromine refinery at Jeddah and in S. canaliculatus when compared to E. morio. There was a significant high expression level of studied antioxidant enzymes genes in the polluted areas and the level of the expression profile tended to correlate with the degree of pollution and fish species feed habit. This was confirmed by the level of MDA which in the same way increased with an increase in the level of total hydrocarbons. In conclusion; the expression profile of antioxidant enzymes of S. canaliculatus and E. morio tissues can be used as a strong bio-indicator of total hydrocarbons pollution especially in S. canaliculatus.