Reclamation of cadmium-contaminated soil using dissolved organic matter solution originating from wine-processing waste sludge

► Increases in acidity, washing frequency, and operational temperature enhance the Cd removal. ► Approximately 80% of Cd can be removed from the soil by dissolved organic matter (DOM) washing. ► The DOM washing can moderate the loss of soil fertility. ► The DOM washing will have a great improvement if we employ NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, and Mg(OH)2 to prepare the DOM solution together.