Ovarian dysfunction and gene-expressed characteristics of female mice caused by long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles

► Exposure to TiO2 NPs could be significantly accumulated in ovary. ► Exposure to TiO2 NPs caused ovarian injury in mice. ► Exposure to TiO2 NP decreased fertility or the pregnancy rate. ► Exposure to TiO2 NP resulted in imbalance of sex hormones in mice. ► Exposure to TiO2 NP caused alteration of 228 genes expression of known function in ovary.