Study on ionosphere change over Shandong based from SDCORS in 2012

Temporal and spatial variation of ionosphere can influence our daily communication activities. By solving the one-year global positioning system (GPS) data of Shandong Continuous Operational Reference System (SDCORS) in 2012, we modeled the single-layer spherical harmonic model of vertical total electron content (TEC) over Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the time series of TEC in 2012. The ionosphere over Shandong in 2012 was in the peak year of solar activity. The ionospheric model over Shandong was calibrated and verified using data of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC), respectively. The ionosphere is greatly influenced by latitude and solar activity and has the phenomenon of Winter anomaly and semi-annual anomaly as well as the session change, diurnal variation, monthly change and seasonal variations. So we can grasp the regularity of temporal and spatial distribution of ionosphere over Shandong, China.