Investigation on the conditions mitigating membrane fouling caused by TiO2 deposition in a membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR) used for dye wastewater treatment

► The charge differences between particle and membrane accelerate the intensity of fouling and binding of TiO2 particles. ► Severe fouling at pH 5 and low fouling at pH ≥ 7 at all flux conditions. ► The presence of a very thin TiO2 cake layer can alter the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface. ► The resistance offered by dense TiO2 cake layer could dominate the hydrophilic effect of TiO2 particles.