Chemical interferences when using high gradient magnetic separation for phosphate removal: Consequences for lake restoration

► The present paper deals with an increasing worldwide relevant topic for limnology which is the restoration of eutrophic lakes. ► In previous studies, it was proved that the high P adsorption capacity of carbonyl iron particles under batch conditions. ► Later on, Merino-Martos et al. (2011) proposed the separation of the P from water under conditions of continuous flow by using high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). ► In this work, we report an extensive investigation on the chemical interferences affecting P removal efficiencies in natural waters from 20 Mediterranean ponds and reservoirs. ► High P removal efficiencies have been found in freshwater lakes but a significant reduction in P removal was observed for extremely high mineralized waters.