Toxocara canis: Proteinases in perivitelline fluid from hatching eggs

Developing larvae of Toxocara canis may secrete several kinds of enzymes within the egg perivitelline fluid (EPF) prior to and during hatching. In particular, proteinases in EPF could play a role in larval emergence within the host gastrointestinal lumen but its presence and nature is unknown. In this work, proteolytic activities in hatching fluid of T. canis were identified and analysed by substrate gel electrophoresis at different pH values and by using type specific protease inhibitors. Three bands of 91, 68 and 38 kDa showed gelatinolytic activity and all proteinase activity from EPF was of the aspartic-type since it was inhibited by pepstatin A. Interestingly, a significantly higher proteolytic activity was observed at acidic pH (≤5.5). These data suggest that T. canis developmentally secretes and accumulates in EPF aspartic proteinases with a pH-dependant activity that might help the parasite to take advantage of conditions in the host gastrointestinal microenvironment where egg hatching is induced and executed.