Effect of soil organic matter chemistry on sorption of trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene

The sorption of organic contaminants in soil is mainly attributed to the soil organic matter (SOM) content. However, recent studies have highlighted the fact that it is not the total carbon content of the organic matter, but its chemical structure which have a profound effect on the sorption of organic contaminants. In the present study sorption of two nitroaromatic contaminants viz. trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) was studied in different SOM fractions viz. a commercial humic acid, commercial lignin and humic acid and humin extracted from a compost. 13C-DP/MAS NMR studies indicated that the structural composition of the organic carbon in different SOM fractions was different. The order of sorption of the nitroaromatics in the different sorbents was: humic acid-commercial > humic acid-compost > humin ∼ lignin. Among the aliphatic and aromatic carbon fractions (representing bulk of SOM matrix), adsorption parameter Kf(1/n) for nitroaromatics sorption correlated well with the aliphatic carbon (r = 0.791 for TNT and 0.829 for 2,4-DNT) than the aromatic carbon (r = 0.634 for TNT and r = 0.616 for 2,4-DNT). However, among carbon containing functional groups, carbonyl carbon showed strong positive correlation with sorption of TNT (r = 0.991) and 2,4-DNT (r = 0.967) while O-alkyl carbon showed negative correlation (r = 0.832 for TNT and r = 0.828 for 2,4-DNT). The study indicates that aliphatic domains in the SOM significantly affect the non-specific sorption of both the nitroaromatic contaminants.