Epimedium flavonoids ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats by modulating neuroinflammatory and neurotrophic responses

► The present study examined the effects of EF on the development of EAE in rats and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. ► Intragastrical administration of EF (20 and 60 mg/kg) significantly reduced clinical score of neurological deficit in EAE rats. ► The effects of EF may involve reducing neuroinflammation and enhancing myelination and neurotrophins. ► Our findings suggest that EF may be useful for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.