Ginsenoside Rg1 protection against β-amyloid peptide-induced neuronal apoptosis via estrogen receptor α and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent anti-protein nitration pathway

► Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis is via selective protein tyrosine nitration pathway. ► Activation of both ERα and GR contribute to the neuroprotective effects of Rg1. ► Rg1 ameliorates Aβ-induced neuronal insults by two complementary pathways. ► Maintaining ERK1/2 phosphorylation is important for Rg1 neuroprotection. ► Inhibiting of NF-κB activation contributes to the protective effects of Rg1.