Dexamethasone inhibits in vivo tumor growth by the alteration of bone marrow CD11b+ myeloid cells

Inflammation is closely associated with tumor growth, which is mediated by the activation of bone marrow-derived CD11b+ cells. Here, we investigated whether anti-inflammatory dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), could regulate tumor growth and CD11b+ myeloid bone marrow cells (BMCs) in lymphocyte (R1), monocyte (R2) and granulocyte (R3) regions of FSC-SSC dot plot. The growth of B16F10 mouse melanoma tumor was inhibited in Dex-injected group. Lung metastasis was decreased and the lifespan was elongated in Dex-injected mice with tumor resection. Intravenous injection of B16F10 cells increased the percentage of CD11b+ myeloid BMCs in R1 and R2 regions from 3 h to 72 h. In contrast, little changes in the percentage of CD11b+ myeloid BMCs were detected in R3 region. Among CD11b+ myeloid BMCs, the percentage of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells was increased in R1, R2 and R3 regions. Absolute number of CD11b+ and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells was enhanced in R1 region from 3 h to 72 h. B16F10 tumor growth was significantly increased by intravenous injection of CD11b+ BMCs. Tumor-bearing mice showed an increase in the percentage of CD11b+ myeloid BMCs in R2 region and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in R2 and R3 regions, which are reduced by intravenous injection with Dex. Absolute number of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells was enhanced in R2 and R3 regions. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by intravenous injection of BMCs collected from Dex-treated tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, data demonstrate that tumor regression by Dex was resulted from the alteration of CD11b+ myeloid BMCs and their inhibitory function to tumor growth. It suggests that CD11b+ myeloid BMCs could regulate antitumor efficacy of GCs such as Dex.