CNI induced Th17/Treg imbalance and susceptibility to renal dysfunction in renal transplantation

► CNI was associated with Th17/Treg imbalance with increased Th17 cells and decreased Treg cells. ► TGF-β decreased while IL-6 and IL-23 increased under the treatment of CNI. ► The imbalance of Th17/Treg supported the continued generation of renal dysfunction after transplantation.