Capsaicin consumption, Helicobacter pylori CagA status and IL1B-31CÂ >Â T genotypes: A host and environment interaction in gastric cancer

► Dietary, infectious and genetic factors interact to modulate gastric cancer (GC) risk. ► We explored chili pepper consumption, Helicobacter pylori infection and IL1B-31 genotypes. ► Capsaicin intake increased GC risk in IL1B-31C carriers infected with CagA+ H. pylori. ► Gene-environment interactions may explain GC incidence trends in Mexico.