Evaluating the neurotoxic effects of lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Spanish children

► Neurotoxic effects of POPs exposure through breast-feeding remain inconclusive. ► PBPK models may improve assessment of postnatal exposure to POPs in infants. ► Neurodevelopment at 14 months was assessed in relation to postnatal POPs exposure. ► Postnatal exposure to POPs was not associated to mental or psychomotor scores. ► Deleterious effects of PCB-153 are mainly attributable to prenatal exposure.