Proliferation of sensory C-fibers and subsequent neurogenic inflammation in rat airway induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide

► We examine effects of LPS on airway neural mechanisms associated with inflammation. ► LPS increases innervation of airway sensory C-fibers in preweaning rats. ► LPS increases tachykinin NK1 receptors in the airways of preweaning rats. ► LPS causes overproduction of neurotrophins, mainly through a TNF-α-mediated pathway. ► LPS results in enhancement of neurogenic airway inflammation in preweaning rats.