Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in odontoblasts via a JNK-dependent mechanism

Schematic diagram of the signaling pathway involved in NaF-induced apoptosis in OLC cells. In the proposed model, NaF causes apoptosis in OLC cells via activation of the JNK-MAPK pathway, resulting in the induction of signaling cascades responsible for mitochondria-dependent initiation of apoptosis.