Opacité tumorale apparue au decours d'une pneumonie fébrile révélant une coccidioïdomycose thoracique

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic in the south west of the United States. Sixty percent of infected individuals remain asymptomatic. Symptomatic disease manifests itself with variable signs such as pneumonia, pleural effusion, empyema or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Residual disease includes pulmonary nodules and fibrosis. We report a case of a woman, returning from a trip to Arizona, presenting with an acute respiratory infection associated with erythema nodosum and arthralgia. She was successfully treated with routine antibiotics. The acute pneumonia resolved and the radiological infiltrate contract into a solitary pulmonary nodule. We suspected a malignant nodule in a previous smoker. The diagnosis of pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis was made after surgical resection. One year later, the patient is asymptomatic and well. This review focuses on the most common clinical manifestations, the diagnostic strategy and the treatment and management of pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis.