Rosiglitazone disrupts endosteal bone formation during distraction osteogenesis by local adipocytic infiltration

► Endosteal new bone formation is not disrupted in the Avy/a mouse model for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ► Rosiglitazone inhibits endosteal new bone formation to the same extent in diabetic and nondiabetic animals. ► Rosiglitazone alters the bone marrow constituents by significantly increasing the number of adipocytes at the site of distraction osteogenesis. ► Rosiglitazone treatment disrupts the well-organized microstructure of cell/matrix during osteogenesis normally exhibited in this model. ► Endosteal new bone formation may be affected in human patients on anti-diabetic therapy with rosiglitazone.