Determinants of bone size and strength in 13-year-old South African children: The influence of ethnicity, sex and pubertal maturation

►Ethnic differences occur in metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone parameters. ►Sex differences occur in metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone parameters. ►The appendicular skeleton in black children is more resistant to bending and torsion. ►Sex-specific changes in some bone parameters with puberty.