Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to non-insulin antidiabetes treatments

AimsTo discern psychosocial factors of non-insulin antidiabetes drug (NIAD) adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional study based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were members of Diabète Québec, a provincial association of persons with diabetes, and were prescribed at least one NIAD were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire. We measured variables ascertaining TPB constructs and other factors potentially associated with NIAD adherence (e.g., habit, social support, and mental health). NIAD adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Factors were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsIn our study, 901 participants (373 women; 515 retired; mean age: 62.7 years) with T2D for a mean of 10 years, completed the questionnaire. Participants exhibited a high intention to adhere to their NIAD treatment (mean score = 5.8/6), positive attitudes toward adherence (mean score = 5.5/6), and elevated perceived behavioral control in taking their medication (mean score = 5.7/6). Only 405 (45%) participants reported high adherence (score = 8/8). Perceived behavioral control, habit, older age, no perceived side effects, a longer period since T2D diagnosis and a lower number of NIAD daily doses were significantly associated with adherence (p < 0.05).ConclusionWe identified several factors that may be modified for NIAD adherence and thereby provided insight into future adherence-enhancing intervention targets.