Maternal supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids to micronutrient-imbalanced diet improves lactation in rat

The present study aims to examine the effect of maternal supplementation of omega 3 fatty acids to a micronutrient (folic acid and vitamin B12)-imbalanced diet on gastric milk volume and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition. Pregnant female rats were divided into 6 groups at 2 levels of folic acid in both the presence and absence of vitamin B12. Both vitamin B12-deficient groups were supplemented with omega 3 fatty acid. Gastric milk volume and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were analyzed. Our results for the first time indicate that imbalance in maternal micronutrients reduces gastric milk volume and milk docosahexaenoic acid levels (P < .01 for both) as compared with control. Supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids to this diet imbalanced in micronutrients increases (P < .01) milk docosahexaenoic acid level as compared with control. Imbalance in maternal micronutrients during pregnancy can alter milk fatty acid composition, which may ultimately affect infant growth and development.