Phylogeography of foot-and-mouth disease virus types O and A in Malaysia and surrounding countries

▶ FMD is endemic in Southeast Asia including mainland Malaysia. ▶ Analysis of VP1 sequences reveals patterns of serotypes O and A distribution. ▶ Close relationships between countries in the region for O/SEA/Mya98 and serotype A. ▶ Unique introduction of O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 into Malaysia possibly from Southern Asia. ▶ Findings support development of enhanced tools for epidemiology in the region.