Genetic variation and relationships of four species of medically important echinostomes (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in South-East Asia

▶ We provide genetic analysis of four medically important echinostomes in South-East Asia. ▶ MEE and mitochondrial DNA sequence showed intra- and interspecific variation. ▶ Genetically distinct populations and/or cryptic species were detected relating to geographical area and snail host. ▶ Taxonomy should be reconsidered by more comprehensive morphological and genetic analysis.